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Xu, X., Bizmark, N., Christie, K.S.S., Datta, S. S., Ren, Z. J., & Priestley, R. D. (2022). Thermoresponsive Polymers for Water Treatment and Collection. Macromolecules, 55(6), 1894-1909.
In this paper, we surveyed the latest literature on the progress and future development trends for low-energy water purification/harvesting with thermo-responsive polymers. 
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Christie, K.S.S., Horseman, T., Wang, R., Su, C., Tong. T., & Lin, S. (2022). Gypsum scaling in membrane distillation: impacts of temperature and vapor flux. Desalination, 525, 115499.
In this paper, we used a novel flux/temperature deconvolution approach to carefully analyze the bulk and interfacial conditions at the "critical recovery" point of gypsum scaling in membrane distillation.
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Horseman, T., Yin Y., Christie, K.S.S., Wang, Z., Tong T., & Lin, S. (2021). Wetting, Scaling, and Fouling in Membrane Distillation: State-of-the-Art Insights on Fundamental Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies. ACS ES&T Engineering, 2021, 1, 1, 117–140.
In this paper, we surveyed the latest literature on the three biggest technical hurdles which need to be overcome to realize practical, sustainable, and scalable membrane distillation. We made the cover!
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Tang, M., Christie, K.S.S., Hou, D., Ding, C., Jia, X., & Wang, J. (2021). Fabrication of a novel underwater-superoleophobic/hydrophobic composite membrane for robust anti-oil-fouling membrane distillation by the facile breath figures templating method. Journal of Membrane Science, 617, 118666.
In this paper, we characterized and tested membranes created using a novel fabrication scheme.
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This is my dissertation. I'm proud of this work and I'm extremely grateful to the many people who helped me along the way.
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Christie, K.S.S., Horseman, T., Lin, S. (2020). Energy Efficiency of Membrane Distillation: Simplified Analysis, Heat Recovery, and the use of Waste-Heat. Environmental International, 105588
In this paper, we explored the nuances of the metrics used to describe energy efficiency when heat exchangers are used to supply latent heat from distillate and waste heat from compressors to pre-heat feed solutions.
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Christie, K.S.S., Yin, Y., Lin, S., & Tong, T. (2019). Distinct Behaviors between Gypsum and Silica Scaling in Membrane Distillation. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(1), 568-576.
In this paper, we reveal the elusive mechanism behind the scaling-induced wetting phenomena in membrane distillation. Also, we pioneer tensile strength testing as a characterization tool to explore pore damage caused by scaling.
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Hou, D., Christie, K.S.S., Wang, K., Tang, M., Wang, D., & Wang, J. (2019). Biomimetic superhydrophobic membrane for membrane distillation with robust wetting and fouling resistance. Journal of Membrane Science, 117708.
In this paper, we fabricate and demonstrate the anti-fouling performance of membranes inspired by the lotus leaf
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Su, C., Horseman, T., Cao, H., Christie, K.S.S., Li, Y., & Lin, S. (2019). Robust Superhydrophobic Membrane for Membrane Distillation with Excellent Scaling Resistance. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(20), 11801-11809.
In this paper, we demonstrate the performance of a solvent-welding scheme for enhancing the anti-scaling performance of an electrospun polymer membrane.
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Horseman, T., Su, C., Christie, K.S.S., & Lin, S. (2019). Highly Effective Scaling Mitigation in Membrane Distillation Using a Superhydrophobic Membrane with Gas Purging. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 6(7), 423-429.
In this paper, we show the synergistic effects of a low surface energy coating and an air purging scheme to reverse the negative effects of scaling in membrane distillation.
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